Breast cancer is not a disease that only affects women in Western countries. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and across South-East Asia. What differs — dramatically — is the chance of surviving it. Understanding why, and what you can do, is the first step.
What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow and divide uncontrollably. Over time, these cells can form a lump or tumour, which may spread to the lymph nodes under the arm or, in advanced disease, to other parts of the body. Breast cancer is not one disease — there are several types — but the most important thing to understand is that caught early, most forms of breast cancer can be treated successfully.
Who is at risk?
Any woman can develop breast cancer. It is more common in women over 40, but it does occur in younger women. Some factors increase the risk:
- A family history of breast cancer (particularly in a mother, sister or daughter).
- Having had breast cancer before.
- Starting periods at an early age or going through menopause late.
- Never having been pregnant, or having your first child after age 30.
- Being overweight, particularly after the menopause.
- Drinking alcohol (risk increases with the amount consumed).
- Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
However, most women who develop breast cancer have no obvious risk factors beyond being female and getting older. This is why screening matters for all women — not just those with a family history.
Common myths — and the truth
- Myth: "A lump that doesn't hurt can't be cancer." Truth: Most breast cancer lumps are painless, particularly in the early stages. A painless lump should never be ignored.
- Myth: "Cancer is caused by a blow or bruise to the breast." Truth: Injuries do not cause cancer. A blow may draw attention to an existing lump, but it is not the cause.
- Myth: "Breast cancer is only a problem for older women." Truth: While it is more common after 40, breast cancer can affect women at any age.
- Myth: "Traditional remedies can cure breast cancer." Truth: No herbal remedy, diet or traditional treatment has been shown to cure breast cancer. Delaying medical treatment significantly worsens outcomes.
- Myth: "If no one in my family has had it, I won't get it." Truth: Most women who develop breast cancer have no family history of the disease.
What to look for
You do not need to wait for a screening appointment to check your own breasts. Regular self-examination — getting familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel — means that if something changes, you are more likely to notice it. Seek medical attention if you notice:
- A new lump or thickening in your breast or armpit.
- Changes in the size, shape or feel of your breasts.
- Skin changes — redness, dimpling, puckering, or a texture like orange peel.
- Changes to the nipple — an inward nipple, discharge (other than breast milk), or a rash around the nipple.
- Pain in your breast or armpit that is new and persistent.
What to do
If you notice any change, see a doctor as soon as you can. Remember: most breast changes turn out not to be cancer. But only a medical professional can tell you that, and getting checked quickly is the best thing you can do for your health. If there is a screening programme or mobile clinic in your area, attend it — even if you feel completely well.
Sharing this information matters too. Talk to your sisters, your mother, your friends. Awareness is not just personal protection — it is community protection.